{"id":4085,"date":"2023-02-16T05:10:39","date_gmt":"2023-02-16T10:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/?p=4085"},"modified":"2023-05-05T05:36:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T09:36:05","slug":"how-to-win-friends-and-influence-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2023\/02\/16\/how-to-win-friends-and-influence-people\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Win Friends and Influence People"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We all know the importance of building strong relationships and effective communication skills. Do we?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the best resources to learn these skills is Dale Carnegie&#8217;s classic book, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/4865.How_to_Win_Friends_and_Influence_People\">How to Win Friends and Influence People<\/a>.&#8221; Originally published in 1936, this book has remained popular for decades because the principles it outlines are timeless and effective. I referenced some of the principles in <a href=\"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2018\/01\/20\/care-personally\/\">this older post about Radical Candor<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"4086\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2023\/02\/16\/how-to-win-friends-and-influence-people\/carnegie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/carnegie-e1676542291880.jpeg?fit=256%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"256,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"carnegie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/carnegie-e1676542291880.jpeg?fit=656%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/carnegie.jpeg?resize=328%2C512&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4086\" width=\"328\" height=\"512\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog post, I&#8217;ll outline all the principles from the book and explain how they can help you become a better communicator, build stronger relationships, and achieve your goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 1: Don&#8217;t criticize, condemn, or complain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first principle in the book is to avoid criticizing, condemning, or complaining about others. According to Carnegie, this is one of the quickest ways to create resentment and push people away. He says: &#8220;If you want to gather honey, don&#8217;t kick over the beehive.&#8221; Instead, he recommends focusing on the positive and addressing problems constructively. For example, if you have a complaint, try to frame it as a suggestion for improvement rather than a criticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 2: Give honest and sincere appreciation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second principle is to give honest and sincere appreciation to others. Carnegie explains that people crave recognition and praise, and giving it to them can help build positive relationships. However, it&#8217;s important to be genuine in your praise and avoid flattery or insincere compliments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 3: Arouse in the other person an eager want<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third principle is to understand the other person&#8217;s perspective and show them how your ideas can help them achieve their goals. Carnegie explains that people are often motivated by their own self-interest, and by showing them how your ideas can help them, you can persuade them more effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 4: Become genuinely interested in other people<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fourth principle is to show a sincere interest in others and listen attentively to what they have to say. According to Carnegie, people are more likely to be receptive to your ideas if they feel that you genuinely care about them and understand their perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 5: Smile<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fifth principle is simple but effective: smile. Carnegie explains that a smile can go a long way in making others feel at ease and building a positive relationship. This is especially important in the business world, where first impressions can make a big difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 6: Remember that a person&#8217;s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The sixth principle is to use a person&#8217;s name when communicating with them. According to Carnegie, a person&#8217;s name is the sweetest and most important sound in any language, and using it can help make them feel valued and important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 7: Be a good listener<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The seventh principle is to be a good listener. Carnegie explains that listening to others and showing that you understand their perspective can help build trust and rapport. By actively listening and asking questions, you can show interest in the other person and their ideas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 8: Talk in terms of the other person&#8217;s interests<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The eighth principle is to show how your ideas or suggestions can benefit the other person and their interests. By framing your ideas in a relevant way to the other person, you can make them more receptive and interested in what you have to say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 9: Make the other person feel important &#8211; and do it sincerely<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ninth principle is to show genuine interest and concern for others and make them feel valued and appreciated. Carnegie explains that people are more likely to be receptive to your ideas if they feel that you genuinely care about them and their well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principle 10: Avoid arguments<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The final principle is to avoid arguments. Instead of arguing, try to find common ground and work towards a mutually beneficial solution. As Carnegie notes, &#8220;The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These ten principles may seem simple, but they can profoundly impact how you interact with others and how they perceive you. By implementing these principles, you can become a more effective communicator, build stronger relationships, and achieve your goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Feb 23 edit!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I created that post using my reading notes from a long time ago. And as I recommended the book to a few people, I re-read it. When I did, I was surprised that my notes were incomplete. I stopped at ten principles, but there are a lot more!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I believe I had the feeling that they were a bit repetitive. Is it a question or a justification? I don&#8217;t know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For reference, here are all the principles from the book!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The book is structured in four parts, with principles in each parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"techniques-in-handling-people\">Part One &#8211; Fundamental Techniques in Handling People<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Don\u2019t criticize, condemn or complain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Give honest and sincere appreciation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arouse in the other person an eager want.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"six-ways-to-make-people-like-you\">Part Two &#8211; Six ways to Make People Like You<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Become genuinely interested in other people.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smile.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Remember that a person\u2019s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Talk in terms of the other person\u2019s interests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Make the other person feel important \u2013 and do it sincerely.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"win-people-to-your-way-of-thinking\">Part Three &#8211; How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Show respect for the other person\u2019s opinions. Never say, \u201cYou\u2019re wrong.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Begin in a friendly way.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Get the other person saying \u201cyes, yes\u201d immediately.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Try honestly to see things from the other person\u2019s point of view.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be sympathetic with the other person\u2019s ideas and desires.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appeal to the nobler motives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dramatize your ideas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Throw down a challenge.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"be-a-leader-how-to-change-people-without-giving-offense-or-arousing-resentment\">Part Four &#8211; Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Begin with praise and honest appreciation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Call attention to people\u2019s mistakes indirectly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Talk about your own mistakes before criticizing the other person.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ask questions instead of giving direct orders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Let the other person save face.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Praise the slightest improvement and praise every improvement. Be \u201chearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Give the other person a fine reputation to live up to.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use encouragement. Make the fault seem easy to correct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Make the other person happy about doing the thing you suggest.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-d91209afac4fbec93268f07fb248c29d\">Header Photo de <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@priscilladupreez?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Priscilla Du Preez<\/a> sur <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/fr\/photos\/NjirplnVra8?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We all know the importance of building strong relationships and effective communication skills. Do we? One of the best resources to learn these skills is Dale Carnegie&#8217;s classic book, &#8220;How to Win Friends and Influence People.&#8221; Originally published in 1936, this book has remained popular for decades because the principles it outlines are timeless and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[788],"class_list":["post-4085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all","tag-leadership"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/priscilla-du-preez-NjirplnVra8-unsplash-scaled-e1683279354921.jpg?fit=1707%2C1804&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paNjQG-13T","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4709,"url":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2023\/11\/02\/new-experiment-alert-the-matrix-of-principles\/","url_meta":{"origin":4085,"position":0},"title":"New Experiment Alert: The Matrix of Principles","author":"Alexis","date":"November 2, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Hello, Thought Leaders and Team Builders! Are you looking to deepen your team's understanding of effective management and identify areas for improvement? I'm excited to share our next experiment from the book, \"I am a Software Engineer and I am in Charge.\" \ud83c\udfaf Introducing: The Matrix of Principles \ud83e\udd14 What\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;I am in Charge&quot;","block_context":{"text":"I am in Charge","link":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/category\/i-am-in-charge\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/11\/noun-matrix-4247769-2696D8.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2502,"url":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2018\/01\/20\/care-personally\/","url_meta":{"origin":4085,"position":1},"title":"Care Personally","author":"Alexis","date":"January 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Care personally and challenge directly. That is how Kim Scott defines Radical Candor. At the end of November, I decided that I will offer her book to some of my colleagues. A book is an opportunity for learning through discussions with others. I already discussed the advantage of a book\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/category\/all\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/DPakDRCWkAAtVt3.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/DPakDRCWkAAtVt3.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/DPakDRCWkAAtVt3.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/DPakDRCWkAAtVt3.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2864,"url":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2019\/04\/27\/ratings-and-reviews\/","url_meta":{"origin":4085,"position":2},"title":"Ratings and Reviews","author":"Alexis","date":"April 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Ratings and reviews contribute significantly to the success of a book \u2014 not a rocket science fact. When we go to platforms like Goodreads, we choose our next book based on the category, the title, the cover, the abstract, AND the ratings and reviews! It seems that ratings and reviews\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/category\/all\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/04\/rating-153609_960_720.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/04\/rating-153609_960_720.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/04\/rating-153609_960_720.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/04\/rating-153609_960_720.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2674,"url":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2018\/09\/28\/the-matrix-of-principles\/","url_meta":{"origin":4085,"position":3},"title":"The Matrix of Principles","author":"Alexis","date":"September 28, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The Matrix of Principles is a reflection tool to capture how stakeholders understand Deming's 14 Management Principles. Reflecting on the management principles enables the team to share their beliefs on management, to share their views on where the organization is, and to identify areas for improvement. Follow the few steps\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/category\/all\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/2018-09-25-09.18.25-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/2018-09-25-09.18.25-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/2018-09-25-09.18.25-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/2018-09-25-09.18.25-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/2018-09-25-09.18.25-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2609,"url":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2018\/07\/04\/the-story-behind-the-book\/","url_meta":{"origin":4085,"position":4},"title":"The Story Behind The Book","author":"Alexis","date":"July 4, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Earlier this week, I announced the availability of the first edition of Changing Your Team From The Inside. I said in that post that I would tell you the story behind the book. Back in 2013, I started to think about writing a book about the connection between agile and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/category\/all\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/persp-book.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/persp-book.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/persp-book.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/persp-book.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/01\/persp-book.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2123,"url":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/2015\/09\/16\/manage-it\/","url_meta":{"origin":4085,"position":5},"title":"Manage it!","author":"Alexis","date":"September 16, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Manage it! is a book by Johanna Rothman published by Pragmatic Programmers. You probably know already Pragmatic Programmers, they published Agile Retrospectives by Esther Derby and Diana Larsen, and also Agile Coaching by Rachel Davies and Liz Sedley that my friend Fabrice Aimetti translated into French. If don't know Pragmatic\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;livre&quot;","block_context":{"text":"livre","link":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/category\/livre\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/09\/201509manage-it.jpg?fit=540%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/09\/201509manage-it.jpg?fit=540%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/09\/201509manage-it.jpg?fit=540%2C648&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4085"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4124,"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4085\/revisions\/4124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-alexis.monville.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}